Hunting isn’t just a pastime, it’s a skill, sometimes a responsibility, and for many, a way of life. We can talk about the ethics of it in modern times forever. But when it’s licensed and done humanely, many people find it a sporting pleasure.
But if you’re new to the sport, it can feel overwhelming. What license do you need? What gun is best for hunting? How do you ensure a humane kill?
This quick guide answers the most common questions hunters have, whether you’re heading into the woods for the first time or looking to refine your skills.
Hunting Licenses & Regulations
Before you grab your rifle and head out, you need to understand the basics around licenses, regulations, and the consequences of failing to adhere to state laws on hunting.
I know that many people don’t bother. Especially in remote areas, where they rarely encounter other people at all, they just do what their family, friends, and fathers have done before them. But getting caught has massive consequences in the USA and many other developed countries.
Do I need a license to hunt?
You will need a license to hunt every US state. Hunting without a license can lead to serious fines and even the loss of hunting privileges. Note as well that hunting licences only apply to that state, and are not applicable if you cross a state border, which can be done mistakenly in large areas of woodland or another terrain.
How do I get one?
Most states require you to take a hunter safety course first. After passing, you can buy a license online or at a sporting goods store.
What are hunting seasons, and why do they matter?
Seasons are designed to manage wildlife populations. They vary by species and location, so check your state’s regulations.
Where can I legally hunt?
Public land is open to hunters, but it’s often crowded. Private land requires landowner permission. Some states also offer lottery-based hunting permits for high-demand areas, or for the chance to hunt large or foreign animals.
Don’t ignore your state laws
Ignoring the rules isn’t worth the risk in my opinion. For example, in California, not following state laws could land you a $5000 fine and even jail time for multiple offences. In Alaska, this can reach $10,000 and a guaranteed year of jail time.
Choosing The Right Gun For Hunting
Not all firearms are created equal. Choosing the right one depends on what you’re hunting and your level of experience, alongside your personal preference.
You may also be looking for an all-rounder, a weapon that has the range and hitting power, mixed with a low enough weight and shorter length, that is capable of taking down all types of animal – even if heavier ones would have to be at short range.
Let’s cover some frequently asked questions around choosing a gun specifically for hunting in a variety of scenarios.
What’s the best ammo for big game?
The .30-06 Springfield, .270 Winchester (Jack O’Conner’s Cartridge – over 100 years old and a classic), and .308 Winchester are all excellent calibre choices for deer and elk. They offer a good balance of power, accuracy, and manageable recoil.
What shotgun should I use for bird hunting?
A 12-gauge is the most versatile choice for waterfowl and turkey. A 20-gauge works well for smaller game like doves and quail.
What’s the best caliber for hunting deer?
The .243 Winchester is great for beginners due to its low recoil. The 6.5 Creedmoor and .270 Winchester offer better range and stopping power. Personally, I prefer the Creedmoor because of its low recoil and myriad of weapons you can buy that user.
Bolt-action vs. semi-auto: Which is better for hunting?
Bolt-action rifles are the gold standard for hunting due to their reliability and accuracy. Semi-auto rifles, like the AR-10, offer faster follow-up shots but may be restricted in some states (California, Delaware, and Connecticut are three examples of states where semi-automatic rifle use is limited).
What’s the best handgun for hunting?
Revolvers in .44 Magnum or .357 Magnum are popular for hunters who prefer a challenge or need a backup weapon in bear country.
The right firearm is overwhelmingly the one you’re comfortable with and that produces the best results for you after significant amounts of training. Most people have several rifles for different purposes, but always tend to have a favourite that they default to under most circumstances.
Ethical & Effective Hunting Practices
A responsible hunter aims for a clean, humane kill. That means understanding shot placement and animal behavior. It also means rapid follow-up to ensure that humane kill is completed quickly if you didn’t achieve it with your first shot.
How do I ensure a quick, humane kill?
The heart-lung area is the best target. For deer, you should aim just behind the front shoulder. For birds, a head or neck shot is ideal.
What are the best tracking techniques?
Learn to follow blood trails, broken branches, and hoof prints. A good pair of binoculars helps, too. It’s a skill that can take years to develop, and I’d always advise learning from experts by getting time with them.
How can I avoid wounding an animal?
Only take shots you’re confident in. If the animal is moving or too far away, wait for a better opportunity. This is exactly why long range accuracy, or a stalking rifle and a clear plan of manoeuvre, are essential.
What are fair chase ethics?
Hunting should be challenging. Using drones, shooting from vehicles, or baiting in some states crosses ethical lines. If there is no challenge, and you’re deploying such tech against an animal, then I’d question your ethics.
If you’re going to hunt, do it right. Respect the animal, the environment, and the rules of the sport. If you don’t, people who dislike hunting will gather more evidence to ensure its restricted further and further.
Hunting Gear & Preparation
Success out in the field starts long before you pull the trigger. The right gear and preparation make all the difference.
What essential gear do I need?
Hunting boots, camouflage clothing, a sharp knife, a first aid kit, and a truly reliable firearm. Binoculars and a rangefinder help, too.
How do I prepare for extreme weather conditions?
Layer up in cold weather. Start with moisture-wicking fabric, add insulation, and finish with waterproof outerwear. In hot weather, stay hydrated and wear light, breathable clothes.
What’s the best way to scout for game?
Look for tracks, droppings, and bedding areas. Some people use Trail cameras, but going back to what I said about using technology, I advocate not to because you are turning essential nature of the hunt into a technological battle that only you can win (or are even taking part in).
How do I stay safe in the wilderness?
Always tell someone where you’re going. Carry a GPS, a flashlight, and enough food and water. If you’re hunting in bear country, bring bear spray. The more prepared you are, the better your hunt will go and the safer you will be.
Game Processing & Cooking
Taking down an animal is only half the job. Processing and cooking your game are just as important. If you don’t do this well then you are disrespecting the animal and hunting as far as I’m concerned.
It’s not just about the rush of the kill; it’s about respecting the whole process and ritual around it.
How do I field dress a deer?
Start by making a small incision below the ribs, then carefully remove the organs. Keep the meat clean and cool as soon as possible.
What’s the best way to store wild game meat?
If you’re not processing it immediately, hang and age the meat for a few days to improve flavor. Then, vacuum-seal and freeze it.
How do I cook wild game?
Venison is lean, so don’t overcook it, medium-rare is best. Slow cooking works well for tougher cuts like shoulder or shank.
What should I do with the leftover parts?
Bones make great broth, hides can be tanned, and organs (like heart and liver) are packed with nutrients.
How Do I Get Started – Advice For Beginners
Start by taking a state-approved hunter education course, which is required in most states and covers firearm safety, ethics, and basic hunting skills. It’s a great grounding and you get it done as soon as possible.
Get the necessary licenses and permits by checking your state’s wildlife agency website for specific regulations and hunting seasons. Again, the sooner you get it done, the more you will learn and the faster you will start.
Spend time at a shooting range to practice marksmanship and learn how to handle firearms safely and effectively. It takes months to get even slightly efficient, so ensure that on your first hunting trip you are with an experienced person.
Find a mentor or join a local hunting club to gain hands-on experience, learn scouting techniques, and understand animal behavior in the field. Again, this isn’t a fast fix, it’s a constant learning process that can take years.